This is due to regulations, testing, and supply chain issues
From 1 February 2026: GST Compensation Cess removed New Excise Duty + Health & National Security Cess introduced GST reset 40% on cigarettes & smokeless tobacco, 18% on beedis Tax now calculated on Retail Sale Price, not under-reported values This reform reflects a shift from temporary compensation to permanent public health-oriented taxation
Some systems use proprietary pods that only work with a specific type of device, while others support more universal pods that can be used in multiple devices
Recently, a sub-chronic whole-body exposure of e-liquid (2 h/day, 5 days/week, 30 days) containing PG alone or PG with nicotine (25 mg/mL) to wild type (WT) animals or knockout (KO) mice in 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR7-KO) revealed a partly nAChR7-dependent lung inflammation [42]
Both companies do produce smoke-free in some instances, electronic products, but, saliently, these are not to be marketed on F1 cars