The cells were washed, lysed and sonicated for 20 sec in ice-cold lysis buffer (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid, 1% Triton X-100) containing a mixture of protease inhibitors (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA)
Preclinical risk based on known effects: a Mendelian randomization study of cohorts and large consortia established increased risk of coronary artery disease with increased intake of L-carnitine (Zhao 2022)
D-Carnitine: This form is toxic to the body as it can hinder the absorption of other carnitine forms, thereby causing a carnitine deficiency
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Cognitive function enhancement: L-carnitine may benefit brain health by improving cognitive function, especially in older adults, thereby helping to keep the mind sharp and active
